How to Conjugate the Most Common Spanish -ER Verbs - Rosetta Stone (2023)

When you’re learning about Spanish verbs, one of the first things you’ll find out is that they’re organized based on their endings. There are -ER, -AR, and -IR verbs, and you’ll need to know the differences between the three if you want to communicate clearly in Spanish.

Some of the most crucial verbs you can learn are -ER verbs, so let’s take a closer look at them. Below, we list a number of common -ER verbs that are helpful to know, break down what an -ER verb is, and spotlight five important Spanish -ER verbs you should learn.

What is an -ER verb in Spanish?

An -ER verb is exactly what it sounds like: a verb ending in the letters “er.” Spanish verb endings are significant—these final two letters signal how a verb should be conjugated.

By conjugating a verb, you will be able to express that an action has been performed by a different subject (you, he, they, etc.) or in a different tense (present, past, future, etc.)

In Spanish, the majority of verbs have one of these three endings:

  • -AR endings, e.g., hablar and usar
  • -ER endings, e.g., beber and leer
  • -IR endings, e.g., escribir and vivir

Note that each of the verbs listed above is in its infinitive form, which means they have not been conjugated. When you’re ready to conjugate a verb, you’ll notice that verbs ending in -ER are conjugated differently than -AR and -IR verbs.

Conjugate Spanish -ER verbs in present tense

Tense allows you to express when something happened. The present tense is the most basic tense you’ll learn in Spanish, and you will apply it to verbs when you want to talk about things happening now or regularly.

To conjugate an -ER verb in the present tense, you remove the ending from the infinitive (i.e. unconjugated) form and add the conjugated ending for the tense you need. Take a look at some examples of -ER verbs conjugated in the present tense here:

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beber (to drink)leer (to read)vender (to sell)
yo
beboleovendo

you, singular informal
bebaleesvendes
él, ella
he, she
bebeleevende
usted
you, singular formal
bebeleevende
nosotros / nosotras*
we
bebemosleemosvendemos
vosotros / vosotras*
you, plural, informal, used only in Spain
bebéisleéisvendéis
ellos / ellas*
they
bebenleenvenden
ustedes
you, plural, formal in Spain, formal/informal in Latin America
bebenleenvenden

Conjugate Spanish -ER verbs in the five most common tenses

If you use an -ER verb to talk about something happening in the past, you would conjugate it differently than an -ER verb used to talk about the present. Each verb has its own conjugation patterns for different tenses.

There are roughly 15 Spanish tenses, but knowing these five will help you feel comfortable in any conversation. You can use each tense to talk about:

  • Present tense: things happening now or regularly (“I walk to the store.”)
  • Preterite tense: events that have been completed, similar to past tense (“I walked to the store.”)
  • Imperfect tense: actions that occurred repeatedly or over an extended period of time (“I was walking to the store when…”)
  • Future tense: things that will happen in the future (“I will walk to the store.”)
  • Conditional tense: hypothetical actions (“You would get wet if it rained.”)

And here’s how you would conjugate -ER verbs in those tenses, using the common Spanish verb comer (to eat) as an example:

stem + ending

infinitive + ending

Present

Preterite

Imperfect

Future

Conditional

yo
I

como

comí

comía

comeré

comería

you, singular informal

comes

comiste

comías

comerás

comerías

él, ella

he, she

come

com

comía

comerá

comería

usted
you, singular formal

come

com

comía

comerá

comería

nosotros / nosotras
we

comemos

comimos

comíamos

comeremos

comeríamos

vosotros / vosotras
you, plural, informal, used only in Spain

coméis

comisteis

comíais

comeréis

comeríais

ellos / ellas
they

comen

comieron

comían

comerán

comerían

ustedes

you, plural, formal in Spain, formal/informal in Latin America

comen

comieron

comían

comerán

comerían

Common Spanish -ER verbs

These -ER verbs — including their conjugated forms — are noted by the Real Academia Española as some of the most frequently used words in the Spanish language, so they’re helpful to learn.

Many of these verbs are irregular, and some are stem-changing or undergo spelling changes when conjugated. This means they don’t follow normal Spanish conjugation rules. We’ve marked the irregular verbs in this list with an asterisk (*). To see how to conjugate these verbs, you can look them up in a reliable conjugation dictionary, such as SpanishDict.

  • aprender = to learn
  • beber = to drink
  • caber* = to fit
  • caer* = to fall
  • comer = to eat
  • conocer* = to know
  • correr = to run
  • crecer* = to grow
  • creer* = to believe
  • deber = should/to owe
  • depender = to depend
  • desaparecer* = to disappear
  • entender* = to understand
  • leer* = to read
  • parecer* = to seem
  • perder* = to lose
  • poner* = to put
  • querer* = to want/to love
  • recoger* = to pick up/to gather
  • romper* = to break
  • saber* = to know/to taste
  • suponer* = to suppose
  • traer* = to bring
  • valer* = to cost/to be worth
  • vender = to sell
  • ver* = to see
  • volver* = to return/to come back

Five essential irregular Spanish -ER verbs

Many -ER verbs will follow the conjugation patterns above. You should also know, though, that quite a few -ER verbs are irregular, which means they have one or more exceptions to typical conjugation rules.

English has irregular verbs, too. As an example, think about the words “cook” and “eat.” When you conjugate “cook” into other tenses, like “cooked”, “cooks”, or “cooking”, you follow consistent rules that apply to many other verbs. This makes it a regular verb. However, when you conjugate “eat” into the past tense, you use “ate” instead of “eated.” It doesn’t follow those consistent rules, which makes it an irregular verb.

These five Spanish -ER verbs are so common that you should consider them essential. They come up often in basic conversations, and you’ll have trouble getting by without being familiar with them. All of these verbs are irregular.

Ser

Ser means “to be”. This verb has a variety of applications, such as describing characteristics, occupations, relationships, ownership, and time.

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Soy arquitecto. = I am an architect.

Somos hermanas. = We are sisters.

Estas herramientas eran de mi padre. = These tools were my father’s.

Será julio pronto. = It will be July soon.

PresentPreteriteFutureImperfectConditional
yo
I
soyfuiseréerasería

you, singular informal
eresfuisteseráserasserías
él, ella
he, she
esfueseráerasería
usted
you, singular formal
esfueseráerasería
nosotros / nosotras
we
somosfuimosseremoséramosseríamos
vosotros / vosotras
you, plural, informal, used only in Spain
soisfuisteisseréiseraisseríais
ellos / ellas
they
sonfueronseráneranserían
ustedes
you, plural, formal in Spain, formal/informal in Latin America
sonfueronseráneranserían

Haber

Haber can mean “to be” or “to have,” depending on the context in which it’s being used.

When it’s used as an auxiliary verb, it means “to have.” It’s placed before the past participle of another verb to form the perfect tense.

Había completado su tarea. = He had completed his homework.

Se han mudado a una nueva ciudad. = They have moved to a new city.

Haber has a special form, hay, which is used when it means “to be.” It’s used to describe things being present or in a certain place. An equivalent in English is “there is” or “there are.”

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Hay una mosca en la pared. = There is a fly on the wall.

PresentPreteriteFutureImperfectConditional
yo
I
hehubehabréhabíahabría

you, singular informal
hashubistehabráshabíashabrías
él, ella
he, she
ha, hayhubohabráhabíahabría
usted
you, singular formal
ha, hayhubohabráhabíahabría
nosotros / nosotras
we
hemoshubimoshabremoshabíamoshabríamos
vosotros / vosotras
you, plural, informal, used only in Spain
habéishubisteishabréishabíaishabríais
ellos / ellas
they
hanhubieronhabránhabíanhabrían
ustedes
you, plural, formal in Spain, formal/informal in Latin America
hanhubieronhabránhabíanhabrían

Tener

Tener is another verb that can mean “to be” or “to have,” depending on context. It can be used to express possession, emotions, physical state, responsibilities, and age.

Tengo hambre. = I am hungry.

Tenía 20 años el año pasado. = I was 20 years old last year.

Tendrán un bebé el próximo mes. = They’ll have a baby next month.

Tuviste que ir a la escuela ayer. = You had to go to school yesterday.

PresentPreteriteFutureImperfectConditional
yo
I
tengotuvetendré-tenatendría

you, singular informal
tienestuvistetendrásteníastendrías
él, ella
he, she
tienetuvotendráteníatendría
usted
you, singular formal
tienetuvotendráteníatendría
nosotros / nosotras
we
tenemostuvimostendremosteníamostendríamos
vosotros / vosotras
you, plural, informal, used only in Spain
tenéistuvisteistendréisteníaistendríais
ellos / ellas
they
tienentuvierontendránteníantendrían
ustedes
you, plural, formal in Spain, formal/informal in Latin America
tienentuvierontendránteníantendrían

Poder

Poder means “to be able to,” and it’s used to communicate an ability to do something. It’s an auxiliary verb, so it is always followed by another verb.

Pude hacer malabares una vez. = I was able to juggle once.

Ella puede llevarte a casa esta noche. = She can drive you home tonight.

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PresentPreteriteFutureImperfectConditional
yo
I
puedopudepodrépodíapodría

you, singular informal
puedespudistepodráspodíaspodrías
él, ella
he, she
puedepudopodrápodíapodría
usted
you, singular formal
puedepudopodrápodíapodría
nosotros / nosotras
we
podemospudimospodremospodíamospodríamos
vosotros / vosotras
you, plural, informal, used only in Spain
podéispudisteispodréispodíaispodríais
ellos / ellas
they
puedenpudieronpodránpodíanpodrían
ustedes
you, plural, formal in Spain, formal/informal in Latin America
puedenpudieronpodránpodíanpodrían

Hacer

Hacer primarily means “to do” or “to make.”

Hicimos un cartel para la venta. = We made a poster for the sale.

Lo harás mañana. = You’ll do it tomorrow.

You can also use it to express time passing. This can be tricky for English speakers to learn because, when you use hacer in this way, it doesn’t have a clear and direct English equivalent.

Hace una hora que canta. = He has been singing for an hour.

PresentPreteriteFutureImperfectConditional
yo
I
hagohiceharéhacíaharía

you, singular informal
haceshicisteharáshacíasharías
él, ella
he, she
hacehizoharáhacíaharía
usted
you, singular formal
hacehizoharáhacíaharía
nosotros / nosotras
we
hacemoshicimosharemoshacíamosharíamos
vosotros / vosotras
you, plural, informal, used only in Spain
hacéishicisteisharéishacíaisharíais
ellos / ellas
they
hacenhicieronharánhacíanharían
ustedes
you, plural, formal in Spain, formal/informal in Latin America
hacenhicieronharánhacíanharían

Learn the words you need with Rosetta Stone

While learning all of the intricacies around the most common Spanish -ER verbs can be time-consuming, you can get yourself up and speaking faster with Rosetta Stone. Rosetta Stone’s Dynamic Immersion method will prepare you for speaking Spanish in everyday life using images and audio from native speakers. This flexible program fits into your life with bite-sized lessons that you can access online, or download and take with you using the Rosetta Stone app. Visit rosettastone.com to start practicing today!

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How to Conjugate the Most Common Spanish -ER Verbs - Rosetta Stone (1)

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What are the 50 most common verbs in Spanish? ›

The 50 Most Common Spanish Verbs
abrirapagarcantar
fumargastarhablar
hablarintentarjugar
leerllovermirar
nadarnecesitarorganizar
12 more rows
Sep 26, 2012

What are the 100 most used verbs in Spanish? ›

Common Spanish Verbs - Top 100
Ser (to be)Estar (to be)Top 100 Quiz
Haber (to have)Hablar (to speak)Hacer (to make)
Ir (to go)Jugar (to play)
Lavar (to wash)Leer (to read)Limpiar (to clean)
Llamar (to call)Llegar (to arrive)Llenar (to fill)
34 more rows

Is Rosetta Stone more effective than duolingo? ›

Yes. After thoroughly testing out and reviewing each language learning app, we found Rosetta Stone to be a superior program to Duolingo. While we like Duolingo's gamification of learning, Rosetta Stone is simply more comprehensive and effective.

Can I become fluent with Rosetta Stone? ›

While Rosetta Stone will help you build a solid foundation, it won't make you fluent. When you feel like you've maxed out on learning with Rosetta Stone, you might need to push yourself into situations where you're actively using the language instead of reacting to an app.

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It is possible to learn Spanish in 3 months, but it is true that to fully master the language to a native level, you will need more time. An intensive Spanish course covering all levels (from A1 to C2) consists of 62 weeks (about 15 months in total).

Can you become fluent in Spanish in 3 years? ›

The bottom line

If you start out as a beginner and spend an average of 1 hour per day working on your Spanish, you should able to reach conversational fluency within 8 – 12 months. That translates to roughly 250 – 350 hours of time spent.

How long does it take to become C1 in Spanish? ›

After you've reached B2, getting to the C1 level requires you to study around 200-240 additional hours, but you may be able to do this faster or slower depending on your learning method. If you're following a very intensive path, you'll need approximately four months.

What are the 5 ER verbs in Spanish? ›

Common -er Verbs
aprenderto learn
beberto drink
comerto eat
comprenderto understand; to comprehend
correrto run
5 more rows

What are the most important Spanish verb conjugations? ›

The three main tenses you should learn first in Spanish are the present (el presente), the past (also called the preterite, el pretérito), and the future (el futuro). They're the ones you'll run into most.

How many words do you need to be fluent in Spanish? ›

If you think about native-level fluency, you'll need to master between 20,000 and 40,000 words, and as you can see the margin is quite large. If you want to have a basic conversation, experts say that you'll just need around 3,000 words.

Which Spanish verbs should I learn first? ›

The top 12 most common Spanish verbs you'll want to learn are:
  • Estar = To be.
  • Ser = To be.
  • Tener = To have.
  • Haber = To have (auxiliary verb)
  • Hacer = To do or make.
  • Ir = To go.
  • Venir = To come.
  • Decir = To say or tell.

What are the 4 perfect tenses in Spanish? ›

Spanish Perfect Tenses
Spanish Tensesconjugated "HABER"
present perfect indicativehe (I have) has (you have) ha (he/she has) hemos (we have) habéis (you all have) han (they have)
past perfect indicative (pluperfect)había (I had) habías (you had) había (he/she had) habíamos (we had) habíais (you all had) habían (they had)
2 more rows

How long does it take to become fluent with Rosetta Stone? ›

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Is Rosetta Stone struggling? ›

Faced with a far more crowded language-learning market and a late-entry into mobile apps, shares of Rosetta Stone have tumbled 65% over the last five years. The Arlington, Va. -based tech company has struggled to get consumers to pay for similar language courses available through apps that cost far less.

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How long does it realistically take to learn Spanish? ›

According to an FSI study, i.e. the Foreign Service Institute, it should take a new learner approximately 600 classroom hours to achieve conversational fluency in Spanish. They also suggest an approximate 1:1 ratio between the time spent independently studying Spanish and the time spent in a classroom.

How many hours a day should I study Spanish? ›

The more time you dedicate to studying and practicing Spanish each day, the faster you will get through those learning hours. If you're wondering how much time I think you should spend learning Spanish, I suggest you set aside at least 60-90 minutes each day for dedicated Spanish learning.

How long does it take the average person to learn fluent Spanish? ›

How Many Hours Does it Take to Be Fluent in Spanish? If you start out as a beginner and manage to spend an average of 1 hour per day working on your Spanish, you should be able to reach conversational fluency within 8 – 12 months. That translates to about 250 – 350 hours spent.

How many hours does it take to get to B2 in Spanish? ›

The CEFR uses “guided learning hours” to calculate how many classroom hours you need to reach B2 (high intermediate) level. They estimate you need about 400 classroom hours, combined with 800 hours of independent study time. That's 1200 hours in total (source).

What's the fastest you can learn Spanish? ›

Speaking regularly is one of the fastest ways to learn Spanish without putting in too much effort. If you're not in Spain or Latin America, it can be difficult to find someone to practice speaking and comprehension with, but it's possible.

Will Duolingo make you fluent? ›

We see this question a lot and the answer is: yes. Duolingo is a free language-learning platform, and every language and lesson is totally free!

Is C1 fluent or advanced? ›

C1 English (Advanced)

Level C1 corresponds to users who can express themselves fluently and spontaneously. They can use language flexibly and effectively for all purposes.

Is a C1 level fluent? ›

SKILLS AT LEVEL C1

He/she can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for the right expression. He/she can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.

Is C1 Spanish fluent? ›

If your goal is Spanish fluency, aim for a C1 level in which you can fluently speak and express yourself. A C1 level does not mean you understand every word in the language but that you can handle most conversations and some tricky topics. The C2 level is complete mastery.

What are the 12 tenses in Spanish? ›

Simple tenses (tiempos simples)
  • Present (presente)
  • Imperfect (pretérito imperfecto)
  • Preterite (pretérito indefinido)
  • Future (futuro simple or futuro imperfecto)
  • Simple conditional (condicional simple or pospretérito)
  • Present perfect (pretérito perfecto)
  • Past perfect or pluperfect (pretérito pluscuamperfecto)

What are the 12 irregular verbs in Spanish? ›

Since the future simple tense is so regular, you'll be happy to know that there are only 12 basic future Spanish irregulars:
  • caber (to fit)
  • decir (to say)
  • haber (to have)
  • hacer (to do)
  • poder (can, to be able to)
  • poner (to put)
  • querer (to want)
  • tener (to have)
Feb 19, 2021

What are the 14 tenses in Spanish? ›

In total, there are 14 (7 simple and 7 compound): Present, Imperfect, Preterite, Future, Conditional, Present Perfect, Pluperfect, Preterit Perfect, Future Perfect, Conditional Perfect, Present Subjunctive, Imperfect Subjunctive, Present Perfect Subjunctive, and Pluperfect Subjunctive.

What are the six Spanish conjugations? ›

Here they are:
  • Yo — I(formal)
  • Tú — you (singular familiar)
  • Usted — you (singular formal)
  • Él, ella — he, she.
  • Nosotros/as — we.
  • Vosotros/as — you (plural familiar)
  • Ustedes — you (plural formal)
  • Ellos/as — they. Note that while there are eight different subjects, there are only six different forms for conjugation.

What are the 6 AR verbs in Spanish? ›

Lesson Summary

-Ar verbs have six endings: o, as, a, amos, áis, an. To conjugate the verb, we remove the -ar and add our endings: 'Hablar' becomes 'habl-. '

What language has the most complex conjugation? ›

While English has a relatively simple conjugation, other languages such as French and Arabic are more complex, with each verb having dozens of conjugated forms. Some languages such as Georgian and Basque have highly complex conjugation systems with hundreds of possible conjugations for every verb.

What languages have no conjugation? ›

Unlike French, German or English, Chinese has no verb conjugation (no need to memorize verb tenses!) and no noun declension (e.g., gender and number distinctions).

How long does it take to become fluent in Spanish using Rosetta Stone? ›

It takes the average learner 50 hours to complete a chosen language with the Rosetta Stone Library Solution. If you set aside five 30-minute sessions a week, the average learner would complete their learning in 20 weeks.

What order do you learn Spanish conjugations? ›

The three main tenses you should learn first in Spanish are the present (el presente), the past (also called the preterite, el pretérito), and the future (el futuro). They're the ones you'll run into most. You can get a lot of things across from these tenses and still be understood in the beginning.

What language has the easiest conjugation? ›

Norwegian verbs have one of the easiest conjugations in Europe (closer to English than to German) – one verb form per tense. This makes speaking a lot easier, if you think about how many verb forms you find in the Romantic languages. Word order in Norwegian is similar to English.

What are the 3 steps strategies to learn verb conjugations? ›

Practically speaking, learning to conjugate verbs in a new language is a three-step process:
  • Learn about a conjugation pattern.
  • Get example sentences and supplementary resources.
  • Memorize.
Jun 14, 2017

What language has the weirdest grammar? ›

And The World's Weirdest Language Is…

Chalcatongo Mixtec, also known as San Miguel el Grande Mixtec, is a verb-initial tonal language. Verb-initial means its sentences begin with verbs, which is something it only has in common with 8.7 percent of languages, including Welsh and Hawaiian.

What language has the simplest grammar? ›

1) Esperanto.

Because of that goal, Esperanto has a simple grammar, easy rules and a lot of words that resemble words from other languages. It was built to be simple and to be learned with minimum effort.

Which language has the strongest grammar? ›

Hungarian grammar seems like the road to death for an English speaker. Because Hungarian grammar rules are the most difficult to learn, this language has 26 different cases. The suffixes dictate the tense and possession and not the word order.

What Spanish words don't exist in English? ›

Here are some examples of words in Spanish that don't exist in English.
  • Antier. The literal translation would be the day before yesterday. ...
  • Consuegro. When we get married we are now linked to another family. ...
  • Embracilar. ...
  • Estrenar. ...
  • Querer/Te Quiero. ...
  • Quincena. ...
  • Resolana.

What language can no one speak? ›

1. Latin language. Latin is by far the most well-known dead language. Though it has been considered a dead language for centuries, it is still taught in school as an important way to understand many languages.

How many years of Spanish is considered fluent? ›

According to best-selling author and podcaster, Tim Ferris, “To understand 95% of a language and become conversationally fluent may require months of applied learning; to reach the 98% threshold could require 10 years.”

How fast can you realistically learn Spanish? ›

The bottom line. If you start out as a beginner and spend an average of 1 hour per day working on your Spanish, you should able to reach conversational fluency within 8 – 12 months. That translates to roughly 250 – 350 hours of time spent.

How long should you do Rosetta Stone each day? ›

Practice a little bit every day Rosetta Stone recommends 30 minutes in the program a day to keep everything you're learning fresh in your mind. Schedule practice time on your calendar This will help you remember to get in those 30 minutes, and ensure Rosetta Stone becomes part of your daily routine.

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